Masks Made of Fabric Offer Wearer Protection

In the ongoing fight against COVID-19, homemade masks have become a crucial part of personal protective equipment (PPE). To ensure maximum effectiveness, it's essential to consider the materials, fit, and sanitation methods when creating your DIY mask.

When selecting materials, high-thread-count fabrics like tightly woven cotton or linen are recommended. These materials are more effective at filtering droplets compared to loose-knit fabrics like sweaters. Layering these fabrics can further enhance filtration efficiency. Additionally, materials with electrostatic properties can improve filtration by attracting and trapping smaller particles.

A well-fitting mask is crucial for effective protection. A snug fit around the nose, mouth, and chin prevents leaks, while adjustable ear loops or ties can secure the mask properly and improve fit and filtration. Including a nose clip can help maintain a tight seal over the nose.

Properly sanitizing DIY masks is essential for maintaining their effectiveness. Washing cloth masks in a washing machine can significantly improve their filtration performance compared to hand washing, as it removes contaminants more effectively. Drying masks on high heat can further help sanitize them. Avoid using chemicals or detergents that could affect the mask material's filtration properties or cause inhalation toxicity.

Following CDC guidelines for mask use and maintenance is also crucial for safety. Regularly replacing DIY masks, especially if they become worn or damaged, is necessary to maintain their effectiveness.

For those seeking a more advanced solution, 3D-printed masks are available, some of which can pass the N95 fit test. Alternatively, adding a nylon stocking layer, pipe cleaner, soft wire tie, or adhesive nose strips can improve the fit around the nose.

A mask brace made from a rubber sheet can be an effective way to improve the fit of DIY masks, especially around the mouth. Filti, a nanofiber material specifically designed for face masks, has the highest efficiency of any DIY material tested and can be sanitized with heat and re-used.

When using a cloth mask with a specialized filter insert, remember to remove the insert before washing the mask. Filti inserts should not be heated to 160F and are best disposed of when they become dirty. Shop towels are an economical option for DIY masks, but they are not as effective as Filti or Filtrete for wearer protection.

For enhanced eye protection, wearing goggles or glasses, including sun glasses, is recommended.

Effective protection for the wearer of a mask depends on three critical factors: material, fit, and sanitation. By focusing on these aspects, DIY masks can provide enhanced protection against COVID-19 for both the wearer and others.

[1] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Cloth Face Coverings. Retrieved from

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Masks Made of Fabric Offer Wearer Protection