Prostate Cancer Progression: Prognosis, Therapies, and Resources of Care (Stage 2)
Prostate cancer, a common cancer among men, often presents with symptoms such as frequent urination, difficulty urinating, blood in the semen or urine, and a feeling that the bladder is not entirely empty after urination. While the 5-year relative survival rate for stage 2 prostate cancer remains 100%, treatment options and approaches vary depending on the cancer's characteristics.
Treatment Options for Stage 2 Prostate Cancer
Stage 2A
In Stage 2A, the cancer is confined to one lobe of the prostate. Treatment options range from active surveillance, where the cancer's progression is monitored without immediate treatment, to surgical removal of the prostate (radical prostatectomy) and radiation therapy (either external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) or brachytherapy). The potential outcomes are generally favourable, with high survival rates and minimal side effects if properly managed.
Stage 2B
In Stage 2B, the cancer is confined to more than one lobe of the prostate. Treatment options include radical prostatectomy, EBRT or brachytherapy, and in some cases, hormone therapy. The survival rates are slightly lower compared to Stage 2A, but still generally favourable.
Stage 2C
Though not a traditional staging category, Stage 2C might imply more significant involvement of the prostate or higher risk factors. Treatment options may include surgery or radiation with possible hormone therapy, advanced imaging, and genetic testing to assess cancer aggressiveness and guide treatment decisions. The outcomes can vary based on the specific risk factors and treatment approach.
Recent Developments in Prostate Cancer Care
Recent advancements in prostate cancer care include the increased use of Androgen Receptor Pathway Inhibitors (ARPIs) and combination therapies to improve outcomes. Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT), often used in more advanced cases, can also be considered in combination with other treatments for Stage 2 if necessary. Studies are exploring the use of multiple therapies, such as ADT, chemotherapy, and ARPIs, to enhance survival benefits in advanced cases.
Diagnosis of stage 2 prostate cancer typically involves a rectal exam, transrectal ultrasound scan, prostate biopsy, and blood tests to determine PSA levels. Doctors may use additional imaging tests like MRI scans, bone scans, and PET scans to check how far the cancer has spread.
Multiple forms of prostate cancer treatment may be recommended, such as radiation therapy after surgery if tumor tissue is left behind or another tumor develops. It's essential to note that although it is possible to survive without treatment for stage 2 prostate cancer, the cancer would continue to develop and eventually become a fatal condition.
Organisations such as the Prostate Cancer Foundation, ZERO Prostate Cancer, and CancerCare offer support for individuals with a prostate cancer diagnosis, including a 24-hour helpline, free transport to treatment, and free accommodation during treatment.
In summary, treatment for localized prostate cancer involves surgery, radiation, active surveillance, and hormone therapy, depending on the cancer’s characteristics and patient preferences. Recent advancements include the increased use of ARPIs and combination therapies to improve outcomes.
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